Welcome to the Haifa Linux Club lecture about Basic Use of Linux. This lecture will cover both using "X-Windows", the Linux windowing interface, with a lot of focus on its KDE desktop environment. It will also cover using the Linux' command-line interface, because some things in Linux can only be done or are better done at the command-line.
startx
at the command-line.Ctrl+C
or the menus' copy command to copy the marked text to the clipboard.exit
and press Enter at the command line of the console.shlomi:~$ ls apps cddb Download mail nsmail smart-link.txt~ Arcs CD-Writing GNUstep Mail progs tmp autosave conf index.html Music Projects To_Send Backup Desktop ip-noise.fig Nautilus Rpms Xrootenv.0 bin Docs links nohup.out smart-link.txt shlomi:~$ pwd /home/shlomi shlomi:~$ cd Download/ shlomi:~/Download$ ls Arcs Docs From_Win Images unpack shlomi:~/Download$ echo Something Something shlomi:~/Download$ cd .. shlomi:~$ exit
/
..
meta directory designated the current directory. "..
" is the directory above it. If a /
is prefixed at the beginning than the path would be absolute.cd
command changes the current working directory to a different directory. The pwd
command prints the path of the current working directory.shlomi:~$ cd /usr shlomi:/usr$ pwd /usr shlomi:/usr$ cd local/bin shlomi:/usr/local/bin$ pwd /usr/local/bin shlomi:/usr/local/bin$ cd ../../share shlomi:/usr/share$ pwd /usr/share shlomi:/usr/share$ cd /usr/share/doc/ shlomi:/usr/share/doc$ pwd /usr/share/doc shlomi:/usr/share/doc$ cd ./vim-X11-6.1/ shlomi:/usr/share/doc/vim-X11-6.1$ pwd /usr/share/doc/vim-X11-6.1 shlomi:/usr/share/doc/vim-X11-6.1$ cd .. shlomi:/usr/share/doc$ cd rsync-2.5.6/ shlomi:/usr/share/doc/rsync-2.5.6$ pwd /usr/share/doc/rsync-2.5.6 shlomi:/usr/share/doc/rsync-2.5.6$
ls
- lists the contents of directories.cp
- Copies files.mv
- Moves Files.rm
- Deletes (= removes) files.cat
- prints file to the standard output.echo
- prints messages to the standard output.less
- displays files and input page by page.man:/
at the Location display.man [command name]
apropos [keyword]
at the prompt.info:/[cmd name]
at the location entry of a KDE browser.info:/gcc
will display the manual of "gcc"./usr/share/doc/HOWTO/HTML
.linuxconf
.redhat-config
.redhat-config
and press the TAB
key several times.vi [filename]
where [filename]
is the name of the file you wish to edit.:q
and press Enter to exit from Vi.i
".ESC
to return back to command mode.ESC
twice will always put you back in command mode.x
" key.d
" twice.:w
and press enter.:q!
and press enter.ma
(where a
can be any letter).y`a
(where `
is a back-quote and a
is the same letter that was marked with)p
.d`a
.UNIX Help for Users - a detailed on-line guide that explains the basic of UNIX usage
The Linux Installation and Getting Started Guide - another good online book.
The Linux Users' Guide - a book available for download in PDF format.
The KDE Documentation - contains a user guide and a quick start guide.
The Vim HOWTO - contains a lot of information regarding Vi, including many links.